Ndi mitundu yanji ya zida zomangira jekeseni?
Kuumba jekeseni ndi njira yopangira yomwe imaphatikizapo kubaya zinthu zosungunuka mu nkhungu kuti apange mawonekedwe omwe akufuna.Jekeseni akamaumba angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulenga zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga mbali pulasitiki, zitsulo zigawo zikuluzikulu, zipangizo zachipatala, ndi zina.Komabe, sizinthu zonse zomwe zili zoyenera kuumba jekeseni.Tikambirana za mitundu ya jekeseni akamaumba zipangizo ndi katundu, ubwino, ndi kuipa.
Mitundu ya jekeseni akamaumba zipangizo
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zida zomangira jakisoni, koma zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi: thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, ndi zitsulo.
Thermoplastics
Thermoplastics ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kusungunuka mobwerezabwereza ndikulimbitsa ndi kutentha ndi kuzizira.Ndiwo mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wazinthu zopangira jakisoni, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 80% ya msika.Thermoplastics ali ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu, kulimba, ndi kubwezeretsanso.Zitsanzo zina za thermoplastics ndi:
- Polyethylene (PE): Chida chotsika mtengo chomwe chimatsutsana bwino ndi mankhwala, chinyezi, komanso mphamvu.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyika, zotengera, zoseweretsa, ndi mapaipi.
- Polypropylene (PP): Zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu, mphamvu, komanso kukana kutentha.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zamagalimoto, zida zamankhwala, mipando, ndi zida zamagetsi.
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): Chida chomwe chimakhala ndi magetsi otsekera bwino, kuchedwa kwa malawi, komanso nyengo.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zingwe zamagetsi, mapaipi, zoikamo, ndi pansi.
- Polystyrene (PS): Chida chomveka bwino, chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati makapu otaya, mbale, zodulira, ndi zoyikapo.
- Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS): Chida chomwe chili ndi mphamvu yabwino, kulimba, komanso kutha kwa pamwamba.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyumba, zipewa, zoseweretsa, ndi zida zoimbira.
- Nayiloni: Chida chomwe chimakhala ndi kukana bwino kwa abrasion, kukana kuvala, komanso makina.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magiya, ma bearings, bushings, ndi zomangira.
Thermosets
Thermosets ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala zikatenthedwa ndikupanga mawonekedwe osatha omwe sangathe kusinthidwa kapena kusinthidwanso.Ma thermosets ali ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta ambiri, kukana kwamankhwala, komanso mphamvu zamakina.Zitsanzo zina za thermoset ndi:
- Epoxy: Chida chomwe chimakhala ndi zomatira bwino, zotchingira magetsi, komanso kukana dzimbiri.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira, zomatira, laminates, ndi kompositi.
- Phenolic: Zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, kuchedwa kwamoto, komanso kuuma.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthira magetsi, soketi, mapulagi, ndi zogwirira.
- Polyester: Chida chomwe chimakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino, kulimba, komanso nyengo.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabwato, matupi agalimoto, akasinja, ndi mapaipi.
- Urea formaldehyde: Chida chomwe chili ndi mtengo wotsika, kuuma kwakukulu, komanso kukhazikika kwabwino.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mabatani, mabatani,
zogwirira, ndi mipando.
Elastomers
Ma Elastomers ndi zida zomwe zimatha kutambasulidwa kapena kupanikizidwa ndikubwerera ku mawonekedwe awo akamachotsedwa mphamvu.Elastomers ali ndi elasticity yayikulu,
kulimba mtima, komanso kuyamwa modzidzimuka.Zitsanzo zina za ma elastomer ndi awa:
- Silicone: Chida chomwe chimakana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kwa ozoni, ndi biocompatibility.Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zidindo, ma gaskets, machubu, ndi zida zamankhwala.
- Rubber: Chida chomwe chimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa abrasion, kukana kutopa, komanso kugwedera kwamadzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matayala, malamba, ma hoses, ndi ma grommets.
- Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs): Zinthu zomwe zimaphatikiza zinthu za thermoplastics ndi elastomers. Zitha kusinthidwa ngati ma thermoplastics, koma zimakhala ndi kusinthasintha komanso kusinthasintha kwa elastomers. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati grips, bumpers, mphasa, ndi zisindikizo.
Zitsulo
Zitsulo ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi ma conductivity apamwamba, kachulukidwe, ndi malo osungunuka. Nthawi zambiri amabayidwa mu nkhungu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yotchedwa metal injection molding (MIM) .MIM imaphatikizapo kusakaniza ufa wachitsulo ndi zomangira kuti apange feedstock yomwe imatha kubayidwa mu jekeseni. mold.Gawo lopangidwa limatenthedwa kuti lichotse zomangiriza ndikusungunula kuti likhale gawo lachitsulo chowundana.MIM imatha kupanga mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri, omaliza, komanso makina opangira.Zitsanzo zina zazitsulo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa MIM ndi:
- Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Chinthu chomwe chimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, mphamvu, ndi kuuma. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zopangira opaleshoni, zoyika mano, zodzikongoletsera, ndi mawotchi.
- Titaniyamu: Zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zolemera kwambiri, zogwirizana ndi chilengedwe, komanso kukana kutentha. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamlengalenga, zida zamasewera, zoyika mano, ndi zipangizo zamankhwala.
- Chitsulo: Chida chomwe chili ndi mtengo wotsika, maginito, komanso kukana kuvala. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zamagalimoto, zida zamagetsi, magiya, ndi mayendedwe.
Mapeto
Kuumba jekeseni ndi njira yosunthika yomwe imatha kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu.
ubwino, ndi disadvantages.Chotero, ndikofunika kusankha zinthu zoyenera ntchito yeniyeni ndi kapangidwe amafuna.Kuumba jekeseni angathenso pamodzi ndi njira zina, monga kuika akamaumba, overmolding, ndi co-jekeseni, kulenga Mipikisano zinthu. kapena mankhwala amitundu yambiri.Kuumba jekeseni ndi njira yachangu, yothandiza, komanso yotsika mtengo yopangira zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri.
Kuumba jekeseni ndi chiyani?
Kuumba jekeseni ndi njira yopangira yomwe imapanga zigawo zapulasitiki pobaya zinthu zosungunuka mu nkhungu.Njirayi imakhala ndi magawo anayi akuluakulu: clamping, jekeseni, kuziziritsa ndi ejection.
Clamping: Chikombolecho chimapangidwa ndi magawo awiri, otchedwa patsekeke ndi pachimake, omwe amamangiriridwa ku unit clamping.Chigawo chokhomerera chimagwira nkhungu yotsekedwa pansi pa kukakamizidwa panthawi ya jekeseni ndi kuzizira.Mphamvu ya clamping imadalira kukula ndi mawonekedwe a gawolo, komanso zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Jekeseni: Zinthu zapulasitiki, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati ma pellets kapena ma granules, zimadyetsedwa mu mbiya yotentha, pomwe zimasungunuka ndikusakanikirana ndi zozungulira zozungulira.Zomangirazo zimagwiranso ntchito ngati plunger, kukankhira pulasitiki yosungunuka mu nkhungu kudzera pamphuno.Kuthamanga kwa jekeseni, kuthamanga ndi kutentha kumayendetsedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthuzo zimadzaza nkhungu kwathunthu komanso mofanana.
Kuziziritsa: Pulasitiki yosungunuka mkati mwa nkhungu imayamba kuzizira ndi kulimba, kutenga mawonekedwe a gawolo.Nthawi yozizira imadalira makulidwe ndi geometry ya gawolo, komanso zinthu zakuthupi.Panthawi imeneyi, nkhungu imakhalabe yotsekedwa komanso kupanikizika kuti zisawonongeke kapena kuwonongeka.
Ejection: Gawolo litakhazikika mokwanira, nkhungu imatsegulidwa ndipo gawolo limatulutsidwa ndi makina otchedwa ejector system.Dongosolo la ejector likhoza kukhala zikhomo, masamba kapena ma jets a mpweya omwe amakankhira mbaliyo kunja kwa nkhungu.Gawolo limachotsedwa pamakina ndikuyang'aniridwa kuti likhale labwino.
Kupanga jekeseni ndi njira yosunthika komanso yothandiza yomwe imatha kupanga magawo ovuta komanso apamwamba kwambiri komanso opanda zinyalala.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, monga magalimoto, zamankhwala, zinthu zogula, zamagetsi ndi zina.
Kodi kufunika ndi ntchito ya jekeseni nkhungu ndi chiyani?
Kumangira jekeseni ndi njira yopangira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yomwe imatha kupanga zida zapulasitiki zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso olondola kwambiri.Kuumba jekeseni kumaphatikizapo kubaya pulasitiki wosungunuka m'bowo la nkhungu, momwe amazizira ndi kukhazikika momwe akufunira.Mphuno ya nkhungu nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena ceramic, ndipo imatha kupangidwa kuti ipange magawo angapo nthawi imodzi.
Kufunika ndi udindo wa kuumba jekeseni ndizofunikira m'mafakitale ambiri, monga magalimoto, azachipatala, ndege, zamagetsi ogula, ndi zina.Kuumba jekeseni kungakhale ndi ubwino wambiri, monga:
- Kuchita bwino kwambiri: Kumangirira jakisoni kumatha kutulutsa magawo ambiri pakanthawi kochepa, osataya zinyalala zochepa komanso zinyalala.Makina opangira jakisoni amatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza, ndipo amatha kukhala odzichitira okha kuti achepetse ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso zolakwika za anthu.
- Mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso osasinthasintha: Kumangirira jekeseni kumatha kutulutsa zigawo zolondola kwambiri komanso zomaliza zapamtunda, komanso mawonekedwe ofananirako ndi magwiridwe antchito.Kupanga jekeseni kungathenso kuchepetsa zolakwika ndi kusiyana kwa chinthu chomaliza, poyang'anira kutentha, kuthamanga, ndi liwiro la jekeseni.
- Kusinthasintha kwapangidwe: Kumangirira jekeseni kumatha kutulutsa magawo okhala ndi ma geometri ovuta, tsatanetsatane wodabwitsa, ndi mitundu ingapo kapena zida.Kujambula kwa jekeseni kungathenso kugwirizanitsa kusintha kwa mapangidwe kapena mawonekedwe a zigawozo, posintha nkhungu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zapulasitiki.
- Kutsika mtengo: Kumangirira jekeseni kumatha kuchepetsa mtengo wonse wopanga, pochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, kuchepetsa kusonkhana ndi kumaliza ntchito, ndikuwonjezera kulimba ndi moyo wa magawowo.
Kupanga jekeseni ndi njira yosinthika komanso yodalirika yopangira yomwe ingakwaniritse zofuna za mafakitale ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Komabe, kupanga jakisoni kumakhalanso ndi zovuta komanso zolephera, monga:
- Ndalama zoyambira kwambiri: Kumangirira jekeseni kumafuna mtengo wapamwamba wopangira ndikupanga nkhungu, komanso kugula ndi kusamalira makina opangira jakisoni.Mphepete mwa nkhungu nthawi zambiri imapangidwira gawo lililonse, ndipo imatha kukhala yokwera mtengo komanso yowononga nthawi kuti ipangidwe.
- Kusankha zinthu zochepa: Kumangirira jekeseni kumatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida za thermoplastic zomwe zimatha kusungunuka ndikuyenda pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika.Zida zina za thermoset kapena zophatikizika sizingakhale zoyenera kuumba jekeseni, kapena zingafunike zowonjezera kapena mankhwala apadera kuti zitheke kuumbika.
- Kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe: Kumangirira jekeseni kumatha kutulutsa kutentha kwa zinyalala ndi mpweya wambiri panthawi yosungunuka ndi kuzizira kwa zinthu zapulasitiki.Kumangirira jekeseni kungathenso kutulutsa zinyalala za pulasitiki kuchokera kuzinthu zowonjezereka zomwe zimatuluka mu nkhungu kapena kupanga m'mphepete mwa gawolo.Zinyalalazi ziyenera kukonzedwanso kapena kutayidwa moyenera, kuti zichepetse kuwononga chilengedwe.
Kuumba jekeseni ndi njira yovuta komanso yosinthika yomwe imafuna kukonzekera mosamala, kupanga, ndi kukhathamiritsa.Akatswiri opanga jekeseni ayenera kuganizira zinthu zambiri, monga:
- Kusankha kwazinthu: Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zapulasitiki kumakhudza momwe zinthu zilili, magwiridwe antchito, mawonekedwe, komanso mtengo wa gawo lomaliza.Zinthu zapulasitiki ziyenera kufanana ndi zofunikira za gawolo, chilengedwe, kukongola, komanso kulimba.Zinthu zapulasitiki ziyeneranso kuyenda bwino, kukhazikika, kuchepa, komanso kugwirizana ndi nkhungu.
- Mapangidwe a nkhungu: Mapangidwe a nkhungu amatsimikizira mawonekedwe, kukula, mtundu, ndi zovuta za gawo lomaliza.Pang'onopang'ono nkhungu iyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, woziziritsa, wotulutsa mpweya komanso wotsekera, kuti awonetsetse kuti jakisoni akuyenda bwino.Mphepete mwa nkhungu iyeneranso kukhala ndi ma angles oyenerera, makulidwe a khoma, kulolerana, ndi mapeto a pamwamba, kuti ateteze zolakwika ndi zolakwika mu gawo lomaliza.
- Zosintha zamakina: Makonzedwe a jekeseni amakhudza kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake, kuzizira, kugawanika kwa mphamvu, ndi crystallization ya zinthu zapulasitiki.Zosinthazo ziyenera kusinthidwa kuti zitheke kudzaza, kulongedza, kugwira, kuziziritsa, ndi kutulutsa magawo a jekeseni.Zolinga za ndondomeko ziyeneranso kuyang'aniridwa ndikuwongolera kuti zikhale zosasinthasintha komanso zabwino muzogulitsa zomaliza.
Kumangira jekeseni ndi njira yamphamvu komanso yotchuka yopangira zomwe zimatha kupanga zida zapulasitiki zapamwamba zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Kupanga jekeseni kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri omwe amadalira zinthu zapulasitiki pakuchita komanso phindu.Kupanga jekeseni ndi njira yovuta komanso yosinthika yomwe imafuna kusinthika kosalekeza ndikusintha kuti zikwaniritse zosowa ndi ziyembekezo za makasitomala.
